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General poisoning notes:Eastern whorled milkweed (Asclepias verticillata) is a native plant found in fields in parts of southern Canada. It has caused poisoning in experimental feeding tests in sheep. Large quantities of fresh plant were administered with a balling gun at about 2.2% of body weight, causing symptoms of poisoning (Marsh and Clawson 1921). The early literature is rife with contradictions in determining the scientific names of various milkweeds. Asclepias verticillata was termed Asclepias verticillata var. geyeri in Marsh and Clawson (1921). For more information on Asclepias taxonomy see Woodson (1954). References:Clark, J. G. 1979. Whorled milkweed poisoning. Vet. Hum. Toxicol., 21: 431. Marsh, C. D., Clawson, A. B. 1921. Poisonous properties of the whorled milkweeds Asclepias pumila and A. verticillata var. geyeri. U. S. Dept. Agric. Bull., 942. 14 pp. Woodson, R. E. 1954. The North American species of Asclepias L. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard., 41: 1-211. Nomenclature:
Scientific Name: Asclepias verticillata L. Vernacular name(s): eastern whorled milkweed Scientific family name: Asclepiadaceae Vernacular family name: milkweed References:Agriculture Quebec. 1975. Noms des maladies des plantes du Canada/ Names of plant diseases in Canada. , Quebec City, Que., Canada. 288 pp. Alex, J. F., Cayouette, R., Mulligan, G. A. 1980. Common and botanical names of weeds in Canada/Noms populaire et scientifiques des plantes nuisibles du Canada. Revised. Agric. Can. Publ., Ottawa, Ont., Canada. 132 pp. Bailey, L. H., Bailey, E. Z. 1976. Hortus third. Revised. MacMillan, New York, N.Y., USA. 1290 pp. Scoggan, H. J. 1978, 1979. The flora of Canada. Nat. Mus. Nat. Sci. (Ottawa) Publ. Bot. 7(1)-7(4). 1711 pp. Van Wijk, H. L. 1911. A dictionary of plant names. Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, The Netherlands. 1444 pp. Victorin, M. 1964. Flore Laurentienne. 2nd ed. Univ. Montreal, Montreal, Que., Canada. 952 pp. Geographic Information
Manitoba References:Bailey, L. H., Bailey, E. Z. 1976. Hortus third. Revised. MacMillan, New York, N.Y., USA. 1290 pp. Boivin, B. 1966, 1967. Énumération des plantes du Canada. Provencheria 6. Nat. Can. (Que.) 93: 253-274; 371-437; 583-646; 989-1063. 94: 131-157; 471-528; 625-655.
Toxic parts:flower buds References:
Clark, J. G. 1979. Whorled milkweed poisoning. Vet. Hum. Toxicol., 21: 431. Toxic plant chemicals:galitoxin References:Clark, J. G. 1979. Whorled milkweed poisoning. Vet. Hum. Toxicol., 21: 431. Animals/Human Poisoning:Note: When an animal is listed without additional information, the literature (as of 1993) contained no detailed explanation. SheepGeneral symptoms of poisoning:agitation Notes on poisoning: Experimental feeding of fresh eastern whorled milkweed caused poisoning in sheep. The animals fell down and went through characteristic running movements. The head and jaws occasionally moved compulsively. The pulse was often weak. Ingesting 2.2% of body weight was necessary to produce serious poisoning in sheep. Animals do not normally eat these distasteful plants or other milkweeds (Marsh and Clawson 1921). References:Clark, J. G. 1979. Whorled milkweed poisoning. Vet. Hum. Toxicol., 21: 431. Marsh, C. D., Clawson, A. B. 1921. Poisonous properties of the whorled milkweeds Asclepias pumila and A. verticillata var. geyeri. U. S. Dept. Agric. Bull., 942. 14 pp.
Information Source: ©Canadian Poisonous Plants Information System, Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility. Go to Harmful Chemicals Page
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